Abstract

؜This research project focuses on the Volga Germans. The group of people known as the Volga Germans, came from German states in the west, to the Volga River in Russia. This research aims to understand what events in the future of Russia effected these people, and the immigration that followed as a direct result. Through the analysis of literature from the past, reading of articles of Volga German history, and viewing of visual archives and photography from the past. The writing goes on to analyze the specific points in history that sparked Immigration, and highlight just how resilient the Volga Germans had to be.

My research project was about the Volga Germans. They were a group of Germans that moved from German states in the west, to the Volga river in Russia. There are many factors in their history that change how and where they lived and I tried to pin point those events in history that effect how the Volga Germans moved and immigrated. I used books, articles, and visual archives to help developed my research. And my writing goes on to highlight these events in history, and show how he Volga Germans were effected.

؜To give you some more information about the Volga Germans. in 1762 Catherine the Great of Russia wrote her first manifesto. This established colonies along the Volga river that were open for people form all over Europe.

so in her second manifesto in 1763 she edited her original, any body could come onto Europe and settle down wherever they felt fit. And anybody willing to settle in the colonize she made would be given a 30 year tax exemption, complete military service exemption, and complete religious freedom. Naturally this offer was much more appealing. Which is why people came.

My finished writing is in the form of a podcast script, almost like a a outline of talking points to revert to during a audio recording.

؜Conclusion

The Volga Germans Immigrated to America, Brazil, Argentina, South Africa, and eventually Germany. The main causes of these immigrations were the revoking of privileges, war, deportation, and starvation. All of which go to prove the strength and resilience of the Volga Germans.

Elise English

Elise

The Colony Of Roanoke

Elise

The First attempted English colony in North America mysteriously disappeared. ؜Why? This essay contains an overview of the attempts at settlement, and the conflicts faced. It then highlights some theories of where the colonists might have gone; from an alleged Spanish assassination, to a Native American ambush. Research came from reading articles, journal entries, and other peoples essays on the topic. Finally, it highlights the most recent consensus of alleged integration into Native American tribes, and the evidence backing that estimate.

Abstract:

Wolfe, Contributor: Brendan. “Roanoke Colonies, The.” Encyclopedia Virginia, 26 Aug. 2024, encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/roanoke-colonies-the/.

Lawler, Andrew. “The Mystery of Roanoke Endures yet Another Cruel Twist.” Smithsonian Magazine, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/mystery-roanoke-endures-yet-another-cruel-twist-180962837/. Accessed 10 Oct. 2025.

Wolfe, Contributor: Brendan. “Roanoke Colonies, The.” Encyclopedia Virginia, 26 Aug. 2024, encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/roanoke-colonies-the/.

Georgiou, Aristos. “Historic Map Shines Light on America’s Great 400-Year-Old Mystery.” Newsweek, Newsweek, 28 Jan. 2025, www.newsweek.com/lost-colony-roanoke-map-mystery-2021391.

Wolfe, Contributor: Brendan. “Roanoke Colonies, The.” Encyclopedia Virginia, 26 Aug. 2024, encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/roanoke-colonies-the/.

؜The definition of "immigration" is, the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.

That is exactly what the English colonists did, they immigrated to America, at the time, Virginia from England. Roanoke has been a mystery for over 400 years. Even though the initial expeditions are well known, the disappearance has baffled theorists for many centuries.

What I learned:

؜ Archaeologists have found much evidence of English life on Hatteras (then known as Croatoan Island). A "trash heap" (Margolis) was found and studied. The results were intriguing.

Historians, and researchers, wanted concrete evidence leading to multiple investigations on the topic. An archeology professor at the Royal Agricultural University in England spoke with Fox News about his discoveries. He said, “We’re looking at the middens — that’s the rubbish heaps — of the Native Americans living on Hatteras Island, because we deduced that they would have very rapidly been assimilated into the Native American population,” (Margolis). In this trash heap they found Hammerscale; which are small flaky bits of iron. The professor stated that this is proof of metalworking, and also claims, “This is metal that has to be raised to a relatively high temperature … which, of course, [requires] technology that Native Americans at this period did not have.” This is proof that the English had to have been working in this area. Furthermore, the material has been dated back to the exact time period the colonists would have arrived on the Island.

According to the New York Post’s article, “archaeologists also found guns, nautical fittings, small cannonballs, an engraved slate and a stylus, in addition to wine glasses and beads” (Margolis). The professor mentioned that, “We have one little snippet of historical evidence from the 1700s, which describes people with blue or gray eyes who could remember people who used to be able to read from books,” he said. “Also, they said there was this ghost ship that was sent out by a man called Raleigh.” In continuation, “We think that they assimilated into the Native American community and their descendants, their sons, their granddaughters, their grandsons carried on living on Hatteras Island until the early 18th century.”

؜Essay Snippet:

؜https://islandfreepress.org/hatteras-island-features/smoking-gun-evidence-of-lost-colonys-relocation-to-hatteras-island-makes-international-news/

Dig Site on Hatteras:

https://popular-archaeology.com/article/the-case-for-hatteras-unearthing-new-clues-to-americas-historic-lost-colony/

Bibliography First Page:

Essay First Page:

Seagoing cowboys

By Brendan

؜

؜

ABSTRACT

This project is about how volunteers from the US attended to bringing cattle to Europe on boats. The reason is that WW2 destroyed farms via bombings and looting. My research is looking at oral history and interviews. There were plenty of stories in blogs and papers. There were stories of farmers raising cattle to ship to Europe. volunteers tending to cattle on ships. and farmers all over Europe overjoyed to receive these amazing gifts

farmers receiving cattle in Puerto Rico

post WW2 Europe

horses on the way to Europe

؜

؜

؜

؜Thank you questions?

Entire Annotated Bibliography (With annotations)

Go listen to our podcast please lol!!!

How does the use of language influence the profits of online hate/outrage campaigns?

Profitable Hate:

Qualitative Research

Social Psychology

Young People

Theory

Donovan, Joan. Meme Wars. Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 20 Sept. 2022.

Frankfurt, Harry G. On Bullshit. Princeton University Press, 2005.

Neiwert, David A. Alt-America. 2017.

Primary Sources

Around Dyed Hair... Beware.

Gjoni, Eron. Thezoepost. 2014, Accessed 14 Jan. 2025.

othellothewise. Reddit.com, 2015. Accessed 14 Jan. 2025.

Quinn, Zoe. “Definitely No Raids Ever Happen because of 4chan and I Definitely Hacked Myself Mmhmmm.". Accessed 15 Jan. 2025.

Quinn, Zoe. “I Guess It’s a Good Time to Mention That I’ve Been Lurking in & Recording 4chan’s Raid IRC Channels for a Few Weeks.”. Accessed 15 Jan. 2025.

Stanley, Jason. How Propaganda Works. Princeton University Press, 2015.

“Reddit - Dive into Anything.” Reddit.com, 2025, www.reddit.com/r/KotakuInAction/top/?t=all. Accessed 13 Jan. 2025.

 RESEARCH

What kinds of research have you done?

-- Primary: Accounts from queer people who made zines and the zines that they made.

-- Secondary: Articles about queer history and zines

-- What is your method/approach to your story? I will be finding zines at libraries that have them and people writing about what it was like at the time and using those.

-- Who do you want to read your research paper? Queer people and people who know a bit about queer history and would like to learn more.

Research Interests:

I'm curious about how queer people used and use zines, how they were distributed, and how they navigated criminalization when it was illegal.

I think they fit into the idea of hidden histories because: queer people were a lot less visible during the 1970s and 80s, and zines were relatively hidden, because they're not public.

Precedents: What has influenced my interest in this question?

Being queer myself, as well as being interested in how people make queer friends when it's dangerous to be out and how distribution of zines works.

Research Methods

I used X & Y archives:

-- Papercut Zine Library

-- QZAP Zine Archive

These archives tended to have X & Y materials:

-- Zines

Research Question

How did queer people in the mid-late 1900s share information using zines?

STORIES:

I could use my current research to tell the story like this:

I could talk about how zines and the easy ability to share information have shaped queer culture

I could use my current research to tell the story like this:

I could talk about how the ability to have very local and interconnected communities helps people find a sense of belonging

I could use my current research to tell the story like this:

I could talk about how zines can help marginalized people connect when it's dangerous to be open

Writing Plan (What am I doing next)

I need to do more research into actual zines, rather than just reading articles

I want people to take away more knowledge about how zines work and how they have shaped the queer community

I'm going to present my research in a research paper

EXAMPLES OF THE FORM THAT I LIKE AND WANT TO EMULATE:

1) If my overall concept is too broad or too narrow, and if it should be adjusted

2) What should I focus on in my research paper?

3) Are there any other topics or parts to this topic that I should cover?

Seeking feedback on:

Research Question

Why did zines catch on so well in queer communities?

Research Proposal Zine

Annotated Bibliography

Jennings, T. (1988, September). HOMOCORE Issue #1. Retrieved January 27, 2025, from https://www.sensitiveresearch.com/Archive/HOMOCORE/HTML/1/1.html 

The first issue of HOMOCORE, written by Tom Jennings. This issue introduces the series and sets the tone for the rest of the series. It only has one letter, seeing as it wasn't announced beforehand. It also has a list of other good zines, some news, and a couple articles written by various people.

Jones, G. (1985). J.D.s Issue #1. https://web.archive.org/web/20110104183520/http://www.qzap.org/v6/index.php?option=com_g2bridge&view=gallery&Itemid=41&g2_itemId=1333 

The first issue of J.D.s, a major inspiration for the Queercore movement and for the HOMOCORE zine. This is pretty similar to HOMOCORE, but a bit more explicit.

Galvan, M. (2024, July 26). Decidedly Non-Commercial: Zines, Zinesters and Queer Community — GLBT historical society. GLBT Historical Society. https://www.glbthistory.org/newsletter-articles/10-queer-zines 

This is an interview with Margaret Galvan in which she talks about zines in the queer community. She focuses on Queer Zine Explosion, a series of zines by Larry-Bob Roberts which reviewed queer zines.

The full version of my annotated bibliography is on the back of the zine when unfolded.

Abstract

Zines were very common in the queer community in the late 20th century. This paper looks at why zines were used so widely in queer communities, especially before the broader usage of the internet. It looks at two particularly popular magazine-style zines, HOMOCORE and J.D.s, both of which ran from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. It looks at letters from HOMOCORE to find examples of the extreme isolation experienced by queer people at the time and infighting in the queer community. The three main reasons found for zines being so popular are that: zines are easy to produce, they can be relatively discreet, and they helped people communicate directly. This paper also came to the conclusion that the feeling of isolation was crushing for queer people at the time.

Methods

I read zines published by queer people around the 80s & 90s. I specifically focused on HOMOCORE, because it has a bunch of content and several issues. It also has letters from readers, which are great for looking at the state of the queer community at the time. My discipline was history.

Primary Sources

+ HOMOCORE

+ J.D.s

+ I'm Queer. You're Straight.

Secondary Sources

+ Decidedly Non-Commercial: Zines, Zinesters and Queer Community

+ Fagazine: the Queer history of zine culture.

Conclusion

I want people to take away that zines were a massively helpful force for the queer community, to connect people and to fight isolation and loneliness.

methods/discipline

qualitative research

method

discipline

history

secondary

primary

For God, Country, and Coca-Cola

By Mark Pendergrast

How Coca-Cola Obtains Its Coca

By Clifford D. May

Dr. John S. Pemberton (inventor of Coca-Cola)

By Jack Hayes

How Coca-Cola Shaped the International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health: An Analysis of Email Exchanges between 2012 and 2014

By Benjamin Wood, Gary Ruskin, Gary Sacks

The Birth of a Refreshing Idea

by Coca Cola

zine

In conclusion, Coca Cola has never been interested in the health and safety of its consumers with its origins as a cocaine derived drink to its present as a major corporations that manipulates scientific studies

conclusion

A large amount of people believe president John F. Kennedy was killed in a conspiracy. Despite that and the confusing circumstances surrounding his assassination, there isn't substantial evidence to corroborate another party's involvement. My project aims to address why people are so inclined to believe these theories, and why this particular event generated more conspiracy theories than other similar events.

ABSTRACT

METHODS/DISCIPLINE

History and psychology

SOURCES

+ Karen Douglas et al. - The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories

+ Art Swift - Majority in U.S. Still Believe JFK Killed in a Conspiracy

+ Marta Marchlewska et al. - Addicted to answers: Need for cognitive closure and the endorsement of conspiracy beliefs

+ David Rietzes - JFK conspiracy theories at 50: how the skeptics got it wrong and why it matters

Main research method (source source?): Google Scholar

CONCLUSION

Confusing circumstances in a surprising situation does not mean a conspiracy was involved, but there are legitimate reasons for people to believe in one. There is no way to completely avoid conspiracy theorist beliefs, but acknowledging evidence for what it is regardless of pre-existing biases is a good start.