What is a Gear?

A gear is a toothed wheel that engages with another gear or with a rack to transfer rotary motion.

Gears are used to change the speed or direction of motion.

The axis of revolution of the gear

Axis

The ratio of number of teeth to pitch diameter

The ratio of number of teeth to pitch diameter. These must match for gears to mesh

Circular Pitch

Diametral Pitch

Anatomy of a Gear

The diameter of the pitch circle. Use this to find the distance between two gear axis by dividing the sum of both by two

Affects how gears contact one another and how force is distributed along the tooth. Standard pressure angles are 14.5, 20 and 25 degrees

The jagged faces on the outside of the gear that transmit rotation to other gears

Pitch Diameter

Pressure Angle

Teeth

The circle that defines the “size” of the gear. Two gear pitch circles must be tangent to mesh with one another

Pitch Circle

Torque is a measure of how much a force acting on an object causes that object to rotate.

Torque

Torque = Radius * Force

Torque = Radius * Fsin(θ)

The gear ratio of a system is the ratio between the rotational speed of the input gear (driver) and the rotational speed of the output gear (load). Gear systems are designed to output desired speed or torque. A gear system with more torque can turn larger things.

Gear Ratio and Power Output

Gear Ratios

Calculating Gear Ratio

Calculate the number of teeth (N) on each gear to find the gear ratio (R). N1 refers to the input shaft gear and N2 refers to the output shaft gear. 

R = N2 / N1

Gear ratio (R) can also be calculated using the pitch diameter or even the radius with a similar equation. D1 is the input gear and D2 is the output gear. 



R = D2 / D1

There are two ways to calculate gear ratio. 

Gear Ratio

R = N2 / N1

N1 = input gear

N2 = output gear

Input Gear A: 8 teeth

This gear will spin at twice the speed of the output gear

Output Gear B: 16 teeth

This gear will spin at half the speed of Gear A but has double the torque

Gear Types

Spur Gear

These are the simplest type of gear. They take the form of a cylinder or disk and mesh together on a parallel axis.

Bevel Gear

These gears

Worm Gear

The gear travels along a worm, resembling the thread of a screw. Although they are not very efficient, worm drives torque output while reducing rotational speed. 

Helical Gear

These gears have angled teeth that form a curve which resembles a segment of a helix. They are more refined and run smoother than spur gears.

Hexahedron Arcology 

Walking was the primary form of transportation, which was aided by a network of pedestrian walkways, elevators, and lifts. 

-No Private transportation

-Living, working, and public spaces are in close proximity 

-Solar energy

Fuses architecture with ecology

VERTICAL

Plug-In City

Source: Archigram, Plug-In City

Large cranes and an intricate web of railways could transport and drop the units into the network

Modular residential units to literally plug into the system

Machines and technology that was based on infinite supplies and hyper-consumption

Name a Vertical City you know from movies, games, shows....

However, “the purpose of Marine City is neither intended to enlarge the land nor to escape from the land,” but ‘Marine City’ is instead considered a new urban archetype for living on the sea

Marine City Megastructure

by Kiyonori Kikutake

FLOATING on SEA

Name a floating City you know from movies, games, shows....

Invisible Cities by Italo Calvino

Source: https://www.archdaily.com/tag/invisible-cities

UNDERGROUND

Invisible Cities by Italo Calvino

Source: https://www.archdaily.com/tag/invisible-cities

Nature plays a key role in many of the cities that Marco describes. One example is that of Isaura, a “city of the thousand wells” built over a deep lake, where “the inhabitants dig long vertical holes in the ground and succeed in drawing up water, as far as the city extends.”

Name an underground City you know from movies, games shows....

Seattle Underground City

After the Fire

Invisible Cities by Italo Calvino

Source: https://www.archdaily.com/tag/invisible-cities

FLOATING in AIR

Invisible Cities by Italo Calvino

Floating

Floating Railways

Name a floating City you know from movies, games shows....

 Draw an infernal circuit in which the sensation-driven tourists seeking instant gratification are propelled in a pre-determined course

the rolling capsule

“Broadacre City,” Frank Lloyd Wright

Lebbeus Woods, Aero-Livinglab from Centricity,

Many structures are totally illegible or have completely ambiguous functions, like a surreal zeppelin-like structure made from scrap material aimlessly hovering in the sky.

Name surrealist vehicules you know from movies, games, shows....

airships, moving structures, vehicles, Spaceships

Thesis

My car is an unflippable that works in the fields of all terrian, rescue or recover, and any natural disaster situation. The idea is that it can also be moving. I got this insipration from fire nation tanks from Avatar the Last Airbender, the show, I also got it from it being diffucult to navigate reckage from storms and hurricanes.The name comes from the fact that it would always have wheels on the ground such came Infinity Grounded.